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- Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1130 - 20 April 1176), also known as Richard FitzGilbert and commonly referred to by his nickname "Strongbow," was a notable Anglo-Norman lord with a profound impact on the history of Ireland. Born in Tonbridge, Kent, England, he was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and Isabel de Beaumont. His life and actions played a pivotal role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, marking him as a key figure in both English and Irish history.
Strongbow inherited his father's title and estates in 1148 but faced challenges in maintaining his position. Initially deprived of his earldom by King Henry II for siding with King Stephen against the Empress Matilda, he later regained favor and his titles. His life took a significant turn in 1167 when he met Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster, who sought his help to recover his kingdom. In exchange for his military support, Mac Murchada offered Strongbow his daughter Aoife in marriage and the succession to Leinster.
Despite initial hesitations from King Henry II, Strongbow embarked on the Irish campaign in 1170. His forces, including Welsh archers, played a crucial role in the capture of key Irish towns such as Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin. These victories were instrumental in establishing Norman rule in Ireland. In 1171, following Mac Murchada's death, Strongbow claimed the kingship of Leinster through his marriage to Aoife, further solidifying his influence in the region.
Strongbow's relationship with King Henry II was complex. After initial tensions and Henry's intervention in Ireland, Strongbow surrendered some of his conquests to the English king but retained significant lands and power. He supported Henry II in the Revolt of 1173-74 as a reward for his reinstatement in Leinster. His military campaigns in Ireland continued, including a notable defeat in Munster and subsequent victories that re-established his dominance.
Richard de Clare's marriage to Aoife MacMurrough produced notable offspring, including Isabel de Clare, who became the 4th Countess of Pembroke. Upon Strongbow's death in 1176, his vast estates and influence passed to his daughter and her husband, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke.
Strongbow's legacy is marked by his military prowess, strategic marriages, and significant role in the Norman conquest of Ireland. His actions had lasting impacts on the political landscape of Ireland and the relationship between England and Ireland. Buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Strongbow remains a figure of both historical significance and legend, remembered for his role in shaping the course of Irish history.
Note that this Richard de Clare born in 1130 is not the same Richard de Clare, Magna Carta Baron, born in 1153. However, they were 1st cousins 1X removed.
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1130 - 1176 (46 years)
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